오늘은 쉬운듯 하지만 선택의 순간에 조금씩은 헷갈려 하는 동사에서 파생된 형용사의 형태인 -ing 와 -ed의 사용 구분에 대해서 알아봅니다. 복잡한 용어에 신경 쓰지 마시고 제니퍼쌤이 제공하는 예문을 그대로 외우려는 노력이 필요합니다. 일단 명확한 예문을 외워 놓으시면 필요할 때 아주 쉽게 길을 찾을수 있습니다.
오늘은 내용이 약간 깁니다. 자, 들어 갑니다...!
Here are some films (that) I find interesting. Do you think we’re interested in the samekinds of films? In this lesson we are goingto talk about adjectives that end in –ing and –ed, like interesting and interested.
Students sometimes find difficulties to choose between adjectivesthat end in –ing and –ed. But if youunderstand the difference between active and passive, you could easily choosethe correct adjective. If you need anadjective to express active meaning, then we choose -ing. If you need an adjective that expressespassive meaning, then you choose an –ed ending. Let’s consider some other examples.
Here is a movie called The Illusionist. I found the end of this film surprising. Why did I say surprising? Because there is an active meaning here. The film did something to me. It surprised me. So the end of film was surprising. Here is another film, Pulp Fiction. I think some of you probably seen this film. Now some parts of this film wereshocking. Why did I chooseshocking? Because it did something tome. The film had effect on me. And here is another film, Speed. This film was very exciting.
Now let’s consider examples of adjectives with –ed ending. This is the Lord of the Rings. The story is told in three parts, and eachpart is very long. The story is verygood, but truthfully by the end of each part, I feel very tired. Why do I choose tired and adjective with –edending? Tired expresses passivemeaning. I’m emphasizing the effect thatmovie had on me. How did I feel? I felt tired. So something happen to me. Similarly,how did I feel when I watch Pirates of the
The adjectives in three examples have an active meaning. Someone or something perform in action. In the first example, the film interestspeople; the film is interesting. In thesecond example, Johnny Debb excites people, so we call him an excitingactor. In the third example, horrorfilms terrify people, so we can say they are terrifying. So adjectives that end in –ing commonlydescribe a person or thing that can have an effect on others. This person or thing creates emotions,feelings on others.
But, that’s not always the case. Consider these next two examples. [see screen]
Here we still have adjectives that have active meaning becausesomeone or something is performing in action. But, we are not talking about an effect on others. We are not talking about creating feelings oremotions on others. The person or thing isperforming an action, but it’s more about an on-going action, meaning theaction continues over (a) period of time. The actor is getting older so we can call him an aging actor. The sales are getting bigger, so we candescribe the sale as increasing sales.
Now let’s talk about the past participles: [see screen]
Here the adjective crowed is describing movie theater. It’s describing the condition of the theaterand it has the passive meaning. Themovie theater is not doing anything; it’s not performing an action. In fact, people are coming into it so youcould say receiving an action; something is being done to the theater.
And in the second example, subtitles are a written translation ofthe dialogue. Translation is beingdescribed and translation is not performing any action. Something happened to the translation. Somebody wrote it. Somebody made it so we can describe it as a writtentranslation.
And as I said, adjectives that end in –ed commonly describesomeone’s feeling. So look at these three examples. [seescreen]
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